Large language models enable tumor-type classification and localization of cancers of unknown primary from genomic data
OncoChat is a novel AI model designed for tumor-type classification, particularly effective in identifying cancers of unknown primary (CUP). Developed using genomic data from over 158,000 tumors, it integrates various genomic alterations to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The model achieved an accuracy of 77.4% and an F1 score of 75.6%, significantly outperforming existing classification methods. Its predictions correlate with survival outcomes, indicating its potential utility in clinical decision-making and personalized treatment strategies.
Mucus-inspired hydrogels with protonation-driven adhesion for extreme acidic conditions
UMIH (ultrastable mucus-inspired hydrogel) exhibits remarkable adhesion and stability in extreme acidic conditions, achieving a wet adhesion strength of 64.7 kPa at pH 2. Its innovative design utilizes high-isoelectric-point proteins and tannic acid to enhance adhesion and structural integrity. In vivo studies demonstrate its potential for gastrointestinal tissue repair, showing significant improvements in epithelial regeneration and reduced inflammation. The UMIH's multifunctional capabilities, including antimicrobial properties, position it as a promising solution for gastrointestinal applications and targeted drug delivery.
Association between FDG- and TSPO-PET signals across human and animal studies investigating neurodegenerative conditions: a systematic review
该系统回顾研究探讨了FDG-PET和TSPO-PET在神经退行性疾病中的应用，分析了其在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等疾病中的信号关联。研究表明，胶质细胞的变化可能影响FDG-PET信号，且不同物种间存在胶质细胞的异质性。该研究为理解神经退行性疾病的代谢变化提供了新的视角，强调了未来 longitudinal 研究的重要性。
Long COVID and the kidney
COVID-19 has been linked to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD potentially manifesting as a long-term effect of the virus. Patients with CKD face heightened risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes and long COVID. The article emphasizes the necessity for structured long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients to better understand the trajectory of long COVID and identify those at risk for CKD, facilitating timely interventions.
Tau accelerates tubulin exchange in the microtubule lattice
研究揭示了tau蛋白在微管格子中的重要作用，表明其不仅稳定微管，还加速微管蛋白的交换，改变微管的动态特性。通过实验数据，研究表明tau促进了微管的自我修复能力，可能对神经系统的微管稳定性和功能有重要影响。这一发现为理解微管相关疾病提供了新的视角。
DNA methylation influences human centromere positioning and function
该研究探讨了DNA甲基化对人类着丝粒定位和功能的影响，发现去甲基化导致CENP-A的定位变化，进而引发染色体不稳定性和细胞活力降低。研究表明，逐步去甲基化可以促使细胞适应新的表观遗传状态，揭示了DNA甲基化在调控着丝粒功能中的重要作用。这些发现可能对癌症研究和治疗具有潜在影响。
tRNA as an assembly chaperone for a macromolecular transcription-processing complex
本研究揭示了转运RNA（tRNA）在poxvirus转录复合物组装中的新角色，tRNA被发现作为组装伴侣，促进多亚基转录酶复合物的形成。研究通过冷冻电子显微镜分析了组装中间体，阐明了tRNA如何通过诱导适配机制控制转录因子的招募。这一发现为病毒学和生物技术领域提供了新的研究方向，可能对开发抗病毒策略具有重要意义。
Identification of Neuritin 1 as a local metabolic regulator of brown adipose tissue
本研究发现，Neuritin 1作为棕色脂肪组织的局部代谢调节因子，能够显著改善能量代谢和降低脂肪积累。通过对RAP250缺失小鼠的研究，揭示了Neuritin 1在调节棕色脂肪组织代谢中的重要作用，可能为肥胖和代谢疾病的治疗提供新的靶点。研究结果显示，Neuritin 1的过表达能够增强能量消耗，降低体重，提示其在生物技术领域的潜在应用价值。
Early versus deferred use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer: circulating tumor DNA analysis of a randomized phase 3 trial
该研究通过SONIA试验评估CDK4/6抑制剂在晚期乳腺癌患者中的早期与延迟使用效果，发现ctDNA水平可作为患者反应的预测指标。研究结果显示，ctDNA高水平患者在使用CDK4/6抑制剂时预后更佳，具有重要的临床应用价值。
Using adaptive optics to assess hyporeflective clump speed and size in age-related macular degeneration in the PINNACLE Study. (PINNACLE Study Report 6)
本研究利用自适应光学成像技术，评估了年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中低反射团的移动速度和大小。研究发现，低反射团的移动速度可达0.1微米每秒，且在不同病理状态下，其大小存在显著差异。这些发现为低反射团作为生物标志物在非新生血管性AMD中的潜在应用提供了新的视角，可能对疾病的进展和管理具有重要意义。
Inhibition of YB-1 phosphorylation enhances cisplatin activity and disrupts cell division in pleural mesothelioma
研究发现，YB-1在胸膜间皮瘤中以磷酸化形式存在，抑制其磷酸化的药物BI-D1870能够显著增强顺铂的抗肿瘤活性，并导致细胞分裂异常。该研究为胸膜间皮瘤的治疗提供了新的潜在靶点，强调了YB-1作为治疗策略的重要性。
Rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor antagonist PA-915 in chronic stress mouse models
PA-915, a PAC1 receptor antagonist, exhibits rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in chronic stress mouse models, improving anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction without inducing adverse effects. This study highlights the potential of PA-915 as a promising treatment for stress-related disorders, addressing the limitations of current therapies.
Digital cognitive twins in mental health
数字认知双胞胎在心理健康领域的应用可能会变革认知训练，提供个性化和临床基础的解决方案。这一创新技术涉及多个国际研究团队，显示出在脑科学领域的潜力。
STAT+: Two former top NIH officials say they were forced out in retaliation for objecting to grant terminations
两位前美国国家过敏和传染病研究所（NIAID）及国际中心的高官提出举报，指控特朗普政府在疫苗科学领域的干预，特别是对外部研究者资助的取消及对科学审查程序的规避。这一事件揭示了政府在科学研究中的政治干预，强调了疫苗和传染病研究的重要性，呼吁对NIH内部运作进行全面审查。
Identification of the client-binding site on the Golgi membrane protein adaptor Vps74/yGOLPH3
该研究揭示了Vps74（其哺乳动物同源物为GOLPH3）在高尔基体膜蛋白客户的结合机制。研究表明，Vps74通过其N-末端结合客户，并识别了结合位点及其与PI4P的相互作用。此外，研究还发现了一种抑制性抗体纳米体，可能在治疗中具有应用潜力。