RNF115 upregulation by YBX1-dependent m5C modification promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression
本研究揭示了YBX1/m5C-RNF115轴在肝细胞癌（HCC）进展中的重要作用，YBX1通过m5C修饰调控RNF115的表达，促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移。RNF115的高表达与HCC患者的预后不良密切相关，提示该轴可能成为新的诊断和治疗靶点。研究还发现，YBX1/m5C-RNF115轴通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路促进HCC进展，强调了其在肝癌病理中的中心角色，提供了针对HCC的新治疗策略。
Proline-rich 15 depletion enhances Nrf2 cascade to promote osteoblast survival from oxidative injury
PRR15 is identified as a negative regulator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in osteoblasts, with its depletion enhancing Nrf2 activation and promoting cell survival under oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that silencing PRR15 mitigates oxidative stress and apoptosis in both murine and human osteoblasts, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis. The findings indicate that targeting PRR15 could restore bone health by enhancing the antioxidant response in osteoblasts.
Nutrient stress diverts RRN3 from rRNA transcription to alternative polyadenylation of autophagy mRNAs in ovarian cancer
本研究探讨了在营养压力下，RRN3如何从rRNA转录转向自噬相关mRNA的选择性聚腺苷酸化，揭示了其在卵巢癌进展中的重要作用。通过基因组筛选，发现RRN3作为mRNA转录终止的调控因子，且其磷酸化状态影响自噬相关基因的mRNA稳定性，进而促进卵巢癌细胞的生长和扩散。这一发现为卵巢癌的治疗提供了新的潜在靶点。
Automated triage of cancer-suspicious skin lesions with 3D total-body photography
该研究探讨了3D全身摄影结合机器学习在皮肤癌筛查中的应用，展示了其在自动化筛查和提高诊断效率方面的潜力。通过ISIC 2024比赛，研究团队分析了来自多个国家的医疗中心的数据，验证了机器学习模型在皮肤病变自动分诊中的有效性。这一创新方法不仅有助于提高早期诊断率，还有望改善医疗资源不足地区的皮肤癌筛查效率，具有重要的临床和商业价值。
Demonstration of a novel method to explore osteon tilt in the human femoral cortex
该研究展示了一种新颖的GIS方法，用于分析人类股骨皮质中的骨单位倾斜，结合传统组织切片技术，提供了对骨微结构的全面量化和可视化。这种方法克服了传统技术的局限性，能够在多个平面上进行大规模分析，具有潜在的临床应用和生物力学研究价值。研究结果表明，骨单位倾斜在不同区域存在显著差异，可能与生物力学负荷相关，为未来的骨生物学和病理学研究提供了新的视角。
Tripotent Lgr5 stem cells in the posterior tongue generate lingual, taste, and salivary gland lineages
本研究揭示了Lgr5干细胞在小鼠舌后部的三重潜能，能够生成味蕾、唾液腺及舌表皮细胞。通过单细胞RNA测序，研究提供了细胞谱系的详细图谱，并探讨了Foxe1在细胞命运决定中的调控作用。这一发现可能对味觉和唾液腺相关疾病的治疗具有重要的生物医学意义。
Leveraging artificial intelligence in antibody-drug conjugate development: from target identification to clinical translation in oncology
AI is revolutionizing the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by enhancing target identification, antibody engineering, and clinical applications. This review highlights how AI technologies streamline the ADC pipeline, from multi-omics integration for target discovery to optimizing antibody structures and predicting patient responses. The integration of AI facilitates personalized therapies, potentially improving clinical outcomes in oncology. Strategic priorities for future AI applications in ADC development are also discussed, emphasizing the need for curated datasets and interpretable models.
A surgical approach to building impactful artificial intelligence
该研究探讨了AI在外科手术中的应用，强调了人机交互的重要性，特别是在信任和可解释性方面。研究结果显示，用户的经验水平显著影响AI辅助决策的效果，提出了未来研究的方向和框架。
Neuro-symbolic AI for auditable cognitive information extraction from medical reports
该研究提出了一种神经符号AI系统，结合了大型语言模型和基于规则的专家系统，旨在从医学报告中自动提取临床数据。通过对206份前列腺癌患者的PET/CT报告进行评估，结果显示该系统在提取准确性和可追溯性方面表现优异，能够有效处理自由文本报告，确保数据隐私和安全。研究结果为医疗领域的AI应用提供了新的思路，尤其是在提高数据提取的可靠性和透明度方面。
AI-aided diagnostic performance for prostate MRI: systematic review and meta-analysis
AI辅助的前列腺MRI诊断显示出显著的准确性提升，特别是对经验不足的读者。研究基于29项涉及7398名患者的系统评估，结果表明AI在敏感性和特异性方面均优于人类读者，适合早期投资关注。
HAT1 functions as a lactyltransferase and mediates RPA1 lactylation to promote DNA repair and radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma
HAT1 is identified as a lactyltransferase that regulates RPA1 lactylation, promoting DNA repair and radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma. The study highlights HAT1's role in enhancing homologous recombination, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for improving radiotherapy outcomes in cancer treatment. Elevated HAT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in patients, indicating its significance in tumor biology and treatment resistance.
MAGEA11 promotes GC proliferation, migration, and invasion through activation of E2F1 transcriptional activity
MAGEA11, a member of the melanoma-associated antigen gene family, is found to be significantly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and correlates with poor prognosis. The study demonstrates that MAGEA11 promotes GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating E2F1 transcriptional activity. This research underscores the potential of MAGEA11 as a therapeutic target, particularly in improving early diagnosis and treatment strategies for gastric cancer, which remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.
Altered systemic bioenergetic reserve in chronic kidney disease predisposes hearts to worse functional outcomes
本研究探讨了慢性肾病（CKD）对心脏功能的影响，发现CKD导致心脏对缺血再灌注的恢复能力较差，并且全身代谢失调可能是导致心脏脆弱性的关键因素。研究通过动物模型和人类数据，揭示了CKD与心脏功能障碍之间的复杂关系，为未来的治疗策略提供了潜在的干预方向。
Mapping of HOCl-oxidized RNA identifies abasic sites as major damage and oxidation product of oxo8G
本研究通过OAbSeq技术揭示了HOCl氧化RNA的机制，强调abasic位点作为氧化损伤的主要产物。研究表明，abasic位点的形成在RNA氧化过程中占主导地位，且其在生物体内的存在可能影响RNA的功能。该技术为RNA氧化损伤的研究提供了新的视角，具有潜在的生物技术应用价值。
Parkinson’s associated protein DJ-1 regulates intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles in oxidative stress
研究发现，帕金森病相关蛋白DJ-1通过外泌体在氧化应激条件下调节细胞间通信，揭示了其在帕金森病发病机制中的潜在作用。DJ-1缺失细胞在小EV的产生上表现出显著差异，可能影响免疫细胞的迁移。这一发现为帕金森病的治疗提供了新的研究方向，具有重要的生物技术应用潜力。